Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Jasmone Is a Ligand-Selective Allosteric Antagonist of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)
doi: 10.3390/ijms242115655
Figure Lengend Snippet: AZ-AHR cells were incubated either alone (negative control, set to 1, absent in the figure) or with selected minor constituents (1–10%) of jasmine essential oil in concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µg/mL for 4 h ( A ). Microbial catabolites of tryptophan (MICTs), namely indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), indole-3-aldehyde (IA), tryptamine (TRY), indole-3-ethanol (IET), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole (IND), indole-3-pyruvate (IPY), indole-3-acrylate (IAC), 3-methylindole (3MI), and indole-3-acetamide (IAD), were incubated at a concentration of 10 µM with jasmone (1–100 µg/mL) in DMEM-depleted medium for 4 h in the AZ-AHR cell line ( B ). Reporter cell line AZ-AHR was exposed to jasmone in the presence of model AhR agonists comprising TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; 20 nM for 4 h; 13.5 nM for 24 h), BaP (Benzo[a]pyrene; 7 µM for 4 h; 15.8 µM for 24 h), and FICZ (6-Formylindolo [3,2-b]carbazole; 8 nM for 4 h; 22.6 µM for 24 h) ( C ). Dose-response analyses of TCDD (0.01–100 nM) and FICZ (0.01–1000 nM) with increasing jasmone concentrations (1–100 µg/mL) after 4 h in DMEM-depleted medium ( D ). Following the treatments, cells were lysed, and luciferase activity was measured as described in . The calculation of IC50 and EC50 was performed in the GraphPad Prism software (version 10.0.3). Data are expressed as % of induction by the highest concentration of the appropriate ligand. Data are averages of 3 or more independent cell passages. * represents a significantly different value ( p < 0.05) compared to the negative control ( A ) or ligand alone ( B ).
Article Snippet: 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), hygromycin B, benzyl alcohol, epoxysqualene, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), indole-3-aldehyde (IA), and indole-3-ethanol (IET) were purchased from Merck/Sigma (Prague, Czech Republic).
Techniques: Incubation, Negative Control, Concentration Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Software